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Methods-Theories Used
Methods and theories used in CE include:
- Hierarchical Task Analysis (Kirwan and Ainsworth 1992)
- Goals-Means Analysis
- Events Analyses
- Root-Cause Analyses
- Network Analyses, etc.
- Group Task Analysis
- Cognitive Task Analysis (Hollnagel 2003)
- cognitive interviewing
- analysis of verbal protocols
- multi-dimensional scaling
- ethnographical analyses
- computer simulations of human performance (cognitive simulations)
- human error analysis
- Performance Migration Analysis
- Distributed Cognition (Hutchins 1995)
- Activity Theory (Nardi 1996)
- Course of Action Task Analysis (Theureau 2003)
- Joint Cognitive Systems (Hollnagel and Woods 2005)
Where to Learn More
Cognitive Ergonomics embraces a diverse field of disciplines and as
a result no authoritative books exist, or even common terminology,
although efforts have been made to develop one – e.g. (Dowell and
Long 1998).
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Necesitan conversor de video a formato portable.
Once upon a time, a baby named X was born. This baby was named X so that nobody could tell whether it was a boy or a girl. Its parents could tell, of course, but they couldn't tell anybody else. They couldn't even tell Baby X, at first.
You see, it was all part of a very important Secret Scientific Xperiment, known officially as Project Baby X...
- Introductions—Participants introduce themselves. The facilitator can set the tone by being first to do so.
- Usability presentation—This is an opportunity to get participants thinking about usability.
- Objectives
and Expectations. Be clear about the purpose of the workshop, and
identify what each participant expects as an outcome.- Identify
issues—The issues may be with a system to be replaced, or with
the domain in general. Use affinity diagramming to extract and
structure the issues.- Design goals—With the issues in mind, identify the usability goals that the system must meet.
- Scenarios—Scenarios serve to centre the discussion on the actual users. Have participants read and refine the scenarios.
- Paper
prototyping. Split the group in two and have each spend a short amount
of time (no more than 20 minutes) working independently on solutions
that address the selected scenario or scenarios.- Combine designs. Each group presents its design and the group discusses relative merits.
- Further
design work. Depending on the outcome of the first prototyping session,
decide how to use the remaining time most effectively.- At the end of the workshop, review expectations and objectives to ensure they have been met.
- Document the outcomes as soon as possible.
Be prepared to diverge from the prepared agenda if necessary.
Beautiful is better than ugly.
Explicit is better than implicit.
Simple is better than complex.
Complex is better than complicated.
Flat is better than nested.
Sparse is better than dense.
Readability counts.
Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules.
Although practicality beats purity.
Errors should never pass silently.
Unless explicitly silenced.
In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.
There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it.
Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch.
Now is better than never.
Although never is often better than *right* now.
If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea.
If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.
Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
One of those important shifts is: Newspapers need to stop the story-centric worldview.
Conditioned by decades of an established style of journalism, newspaper journalists tend to see their primary role thusly:
The problem here is that, for many types of news and information, newspaper stories don't cut it anymore.
So much of what local journalists collect day-to-day is structured information:
the type of information that can be sliced-and-diced, in an automated
fashion, by computers. Yet the information gets distilled into a big
blob of text -- a newspaper story -- that has no chance of being
repurposed.
Qualifying question Just to prove you are a human, please answer the
following math challenge.
Q: Calculate: .
A: mandatory
Note: If you do not know the answer to this question,
reload the page and you'll (probably) get another, easier, question.
Note: If you do not know the answer to this question,
reload the page and you'll (probably) get another, easier, question.
Well, I can't ask Virginia Satir [1],
but I've learned one of her communications models that serves me well.
I've never read her original work, so what I know is the simplified,
second-hand version. Even so, it works for me, and it could work for
you.
In this model, there are four fundamental steps to going from
stimulus to response: intake, meaning, significance, then response. Now
we all know that all models are simplifications, and therefore
incomplete; but this model is complete enough to do wonders. When I see
communication go wrong, Virginia's model usually helps get it back on
the rails.
About Coverity's Scan
Coverity is a company that creates tools for software development. Its premiere product is Prevent, a static-analysis code inspection tool. Coverity offers the results of Prevent's analysis for free to open source developers.
If you are a member of an open source project, and your project is already listed on the Scan Ladder, read the Developer FAQ then follow the Sign In link beside the entry for your project on the ladder.
If you are a member of an open source project, and your project is not already listed, read the Developer FAQ, then please email scan-admin@coverity.com
If you are not a member of an open source project, please see the FAQ for additional information about why access is limited to developers.
gddrescue in Debian and Ubuntu), which is designed for rescuing data from any file or block device.
Welcome to Oink! Oink is a collaboration of C++ static analysis tools. The C/C++ front-end for Oink is Elsa by Scott McPeak. Currently the main tool provided by Oink is CQual++, a polymorphic whole-program dataflow analysis for C++. CQual++ was inspired by Jeff Foster's Cqual tool and shares the backend solver with it.
Oink aims to be
1. industrial-strength for immediate utility in finding bugs,
2. extensible for ease in adding backends, and
3. composable for ease in combining existing backends.
Oink computes both
1. expression-level and type-level dataflow, and
2. statement-level intra-procedural controlflow (by delegating to Elsa)
It easy to get started by using the two demo backends that print graphs of these flows. Oink also comes with a client of the dataflow analysis that does type qualifier inference: Cqual++, a C/C++ frontend for Cqual Whole-program analyses may be attempted using the linker imitator.
While XO has been greeted warmly by many, some technologists criticize Negroponte and his colleagues for not testing out their new ideas on underprivileged school children earlier in the process. And that goes for the user interface as well. Jakob Nielsen, a user interface designer and principal in the consulting firm Nielsen Norman Group, falls into the critical group. While familiar with the design of Sugar, Nielsen’s criticisms focus on the process. It’s only in the coming weeks that they’ll begin to get feedback from kids. “It’s always dangerous to release any product without the safeguard of user testing,” says Nielsen. “But it’s outright reckless in a case like this.”
But XO developers defend their approach, which grew out of a core philosophy of the MIT Media Lab known as "demo or die." Researchers are encouraged to build new things, critique them, and then make improvements—rather than doing a lot of concept-testing up front. They're backed up by John Maeda, a user-interface design guru from the Media Lab who has been watching the XO development process from its beginnings. "They're using the Steve Jobs method," he says, referring to Apple's famous chief executive and design whiz. "You don't use focus groups. You just do it right."
The Best 19 Movies You Didn't See in 2007
December 24, 2007
by Alex Billington
The Best 19 Movies You Didn't See in 2007
No one really has enough time (or money) to see every movie released every year, but shamefully too many great films are left in the dust. Sure, maybe you'll see a couple of those indies that are making the rounds on the year-end top ten lists, but even those critics missed a few good ones. This is about those movies that were phenomenal yet hardly anyone saw, so now we're giving them one final moment in the spotlight. I want to encourage you to maybe stop and ponder the next time you come across one of these and wonder why you didn't catch one in theaters - because they were worth that ticket price, guaranteed. If anything, you'll at least discover something new and something great from this list.
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SciPy (pronounced "Sigh Pie") is open-source software for mathematics, science, and engineering. It is also the name of a very popular conference on scientific programming with Python. The SciPy library depends on NumPy, which provides convenient and fast N-dimensional array manipulation. The SciPy library is built to work with NumPy arrays, and provides many user-friendly and efficient numerical routines such as routines for numerical integration and optimization. Together, they run on all popular operating systems, are quick to install, and are free of charge. NumPy and SciPy are easy to use, but powerful enough to be depended upon by some of the world's leading scientists and engineers. If you need to manipulate numbers on a computer and display or publish the results, give SciPy a try!
